Franklin Merrell-Wolff begins a series of discourses to clarify his position on Tantra and to some extent on Zen Buddhism. He concedes that Tantra can be highly effective with the right individual, but cautions that for those who are improperly prepared and without a competent teacher, this form of yoga can be extremely dangerous. He differentiates between the methods employed by jñāna yoga, which are oriented to Realization and Liberation, and the methods employed by Tantra, which tend to arouse powers without sufficient moral guarding of the individual. He goes on to briefly outline the various stages of this particular form of yoga and again comments upon the dangers that may be encountered if the student is not under the guidance and protection of a qualified guru. He discusses the role of mantra as an aid in yoga, and he submits that the two essential aspects of all types of yoga are an intense aspiration and an intense and complete self-dedication. Wolff proceeds to consider the use of visualization within the context of type psychology. He concludes that while visualization may be a valuable aid for some individuals, it is mainly effective for those individuals who are predominantly visual types and not of major importance for those who may be auditory or motor-verbal types.